Breastfeeding is a fundamental aspect of maternal-child bonding and infant nutrition. However, when a mother is diagnosed with breast cancer, it introduces complex considerations and decisions regarding breastfeeding. Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers affecting women worldwide. According to the World Health Organization (WHO). Despite its prevalence, advancements in early detection and treatment have significantly improved survival rates. Nevertheless, a breast cancer diagnosis can be overwhelming, especially for mothers with infants who are breastfeeding or intending to breastfeed.

One of the primary concerns for women diagnosed with breast cancer who are breastfeeding is the potential impact on their infant’s health. The safety of breastfeeding during cancer treatment depends on various factors, including the stage of cancer, the type of treatment, and the individual’s health status. Here are some key points to consider:

1. Surgery: Surgery is often a primary treatment for breast cancer, and the type of surgery performed can affect breastfeeding. If a woman undergoes a lumpectomy (removal of the tumor and surrounding tissue) or a partial mastectomy, breastfeeding from the affected breast may still be possible, depending on the extent of tissue removal and whether the milk ducts are compromised. However, a total mastectomy (removal of the entire breast) typically eliminates the ability to breastfeed from the affected breast.
2. Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy is a common treatment for breast cancer, and it can have several effects on breastfeeding. Chemotherapy drugs may reduce milk production or even stop it altogether. Additionally, these drugs can be excreted in breast milk, potentially harming the infant. Therefore, breastfeeding is generally not recommended during chemotherapy treatment.
3. Radiation Therapy: Radiation therapy, used to destroy cancer cells and shrink tumors, can also affect breastfeeding. If radiation is directed at the breast, it can damage the milk-producing glands and ducts, reducing or eliminating milk production. In some cases, doctors may advise delaying breastfeeding until radiation treatment is completed to minimize potential harm to the infant.
4. Hormone Therapy: Hormone therapy, often used in cases where the cancer is hormone-receptor-positive, can interfere with breastfeeding. These medications, such as tamoxifen or aromatase inhibitors, can reduce milk production and are not compatible with breastfeeding.
5. Emotional and Psychological Factors: A breast cancer diagnosis can bring about emotional distress and uncertainty, which may affect a mother’s ability to breastfeed. Some women may feel overwhelmed by the diagnosis and treatment process, making it difficult to focus on breastfeeding. Others may experience anxiety or depression, which can interfere with milk production and the breastfeeding relationship.
6. Fear and Concerns for the Infant: Mothers diagnosed with breast cancer may worry about the impact of their illness and treatment on their infant’s health. Concerns about transmitting chemotherapy drugs or other medications through breast milk, as well as the uncertainty of the cancer’s effect on their ability to care for their child, can lead some mothers to choose not to breastfeed.
7. Physical Discomfort: Breast cancer treatments, such as surgery and radiation, can cause physical discomfort and pain in the breast area, making breastfeeding difficult or painful.