Proper skincare during breast cancer treatment involves addressing the specific issues caused by chemotherapy, radiation, and hormone therapy. Here are detailed strategies to help manage these skin challenges:

1. Moisturization

Keeping the skin well-moisturized is essential to combat dryness and maintain the skin’s barrier function:

• Gentle Moisturizers: Use fragrance-free, hypoallergenic moisturizers that are rich in emollients and humectants. Ingredients like glycerin, hyaluronic acid, and ceramides are excellent for retaining moisture. These products help to restore the skin’s natural barrier and prevent moisture loss.
• Ointments and Creams: Thicker ointments and creams provide a more substantial barrier than lotions. Apply these after bathing to lock in moisture. Look for products containing petrolatum, shea butter, and lanolin for extra hydration.
• Hydration: Drink plenty of water to help keep the skin hydrated from the inside out. Proper hydration supports overall skin health and can mitigate some of the dryness associated with treatment.

2. Sun Protection

The skin can become more sensitive to UV radiation during cancer treatment, making sun protection vital:

• Broad-Spectrum Sunscreen: Use a broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher. Look for physical blockers like zinc oxide or titanium dioxide, which are less likely to irritate sensitive skin. Apply sunscreen generously to all exposed skin and reapply every two hours when outdoors.
• Protective Clothing: Wear protective clothing, such as wide-brimmed hats, long sleeves, and long pants, to shield the skin from the sun. UV-protective clothing can provide additional protection against harmful rays.
• Avoid Peak Sun Hours: Try to stay indoors during peak sun hours (10 a.m. to 4 p.m.) when UV radiation is strongest. Seek shade whenever possible and use umbrellas or sun shelters when outdoors.

3. Gentle Cleansing

Harsh soaps and cleansers can exacerbate skin dryness and irritation:

• Mild, Fragrance-Free Cleansers: Choose gentle, non-foaming cleansers that are free of fragrances, dyes, and harsh chemicals. Avoid products with alcohol, which can dry out the skin. Look for cleansers with soothing ingredients like aloe vera and chamomile.
• Lukewarm Water: Use lukewarm water instead of hot water, as hot water can strip the skin of natural oils. Hot water can also exacerbate dryness and irritation.
• Pat Dry: After washing, pat the skin dry with a soft towel instead of rubbing it. Rubbing can cause further irritation and damage to sensitive skin.

4. Managing Radiation Dermatitis

Radiation dermatitis requires specific care to soothe and protect the affected skin:

• Cool Compresses: Apply cool, damp cloths to the affected area to reduce inflammation and discomfort. Cool compresses can help soothe irritated skin and reduce redness and swelling.
• Topical Steroids and Creams: Use topical steroids as prescribed by your healthcare provider to reduce inflammation. Non-prescription creams containing calendula or aloe vera can also provide relief. These natural ingredients have anti-inflammatory and soothing properties.
• Avoid Irritants: Avoid using products with alcohol, fragrances, or other potential irritants on the treated area. Opt for gentle, hypoallergenic products specifically designed for sensitive skin.
• Loose Clothing: Wear loose-fitting clothing made from soft, breathable fabrics to minimize friction and irritation. Avoid tight clothing and undergarments that can rub against the treated skin.

5. Special Care for Hands and Feet

Chemotherapy can lead to hand-foot syndrome, causing redness, swelling, and pain on the palms and soles:

• Moisturize Frequently: Apply thick, emollient-rich creams or ointments to hands and feet several times a day. Look for products with urea or ammonium lactate to help soften and hydrate the skin.
• Avoid Friction: Wear comfortable shoes and avoid activities that cause friction on the hands and feet. Use cushioned insoles and socks to reduce pressure on the feet.
• Cool Baths: Soaking hands and feet in cool water can provide relief from pain and inflammation. Avoid hot water, which can worsen symptoms.